Political Jewelry: Beyond the Campaign Button
20 artifacts in this set
This expert set is brought to you by:
The staff at The Henry Ford
George Washington Presidential Inauguration Button, "Long Live the President," 1789-1793
Button (Information artifact)
The first U.S. presidents produced few campaign items. Until the 1820s, candidates rarely campaigned at a grassroots level due to how presidential electors were chosen--mainly through state legislatures--and the notion that candidates should not actively seek office. Also, they viewed appealing to the masses for power as unseemly. Political items tended to be commemorative, like this clothing button honoring George Washington's inauguration.
"Harrison & Reform" Campaign Pin, 1840
Pin (Jewelry)
During the 1840s, presidential campaign items--and political jewelry--proliferated. Voters attended rallies and parades, sang campaign songs, and bought materials adorned with slogans or images of their candidate. This "Harrison and Reform" pin contains depictions of a log cabin and a barrel of hard cider, recognizable symbols to supporters of William Henry Harrison.
William Henry Harrison Campaign Badge, 1840
Badge
Tokens were popular campaign items during mid-19th century elections. They were constant reminders of a voter's favorite candidate when carried in a pocket. But even better, if the token had a hole drilled at the top, voters could pin the token to the outside of a jacket or vest to publicly declare the wearer's political allegiance.
Presidential Campaign Medallion, "For President: Abraham Lincoln of Illinois," 1860
Medallion (Medal)
Some partisans even suspended tokens from colorful ribbons before pinning them to their clothes.
Taylor-Fillmore Campaign Medal, 1848
Medallion (Medal)
Americans relied on hand-colored lithographs and engravings for likenesses of presidential candidates in the era before the mass circulation of newspapers, magazines, and photographic prints. This small, simple medallion, which could be suspended around the neck by a ribbon or pinned to clothing, holds prints of the Whig Party candidate Zachary Taylor (front) and his running mate Millard Fillmore (back).
Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin Campaign Button, 1860
Button (Information artifact)
In 1860, candidates capitalized on the latest innovation to connect with voters. Campaign badges, pins, and other wearable devices incorporated small tintypes. These photographic images were durable and relatively inexpensive to make--perfect for badges like this one that showed voters the face of their party's nominee.
Ulysses S. Grant Campaign Pin, 1868-1872
Pin (Jewelry)
As photographic technology improved, less expensive paper photographs replaced tintypes on campaign badges and pins.
James Garfield Campaign Badge, 1880
Badge
Patriotic imagery stamped into a badge's metal shell often accompanied an image of the candidate. Republicans placed a tintype image of their 1880 presidential candidate, James Garfield, under an eagle and four American flags.
McKinley-Hobart Campaign Pin, 1896
Lapel pin
While patriotic symbols were standard on many campaign items, some spoke more to the issues of the day. The person who wore this pin backed 1896 Republican Party candidate William McKinley and his running mate Garret Hobart. The voter may also have supported the Good Roads Movement--a favorite cause of bicyclists in the 1890s. The movement lobbied state and federal governments for funds to improve roads.
McKinley-Hobart Campaign Badge, 1896
Badge
The major political issue in the 1896 election was whether the U.S. should issue silver-backed currency. "Gold bugs"--typically Republican voters--wanted only gold-backed dollars, not an inflationary currency based on "Free Silver." The wings on this mechanical button are hidden beneath the insect's body. Pressing a spring releases images of the Republican presidential ticket, "gold bug" favorites William McKinley and Garret Hobart.
Harrison-Morton Campaign Ribbon, 1888
Political ribbon
Political jewelry and other campaign wearables sometimes connected current candidates to past presidents. In 1888, Republicans exploited the political lineage of their candidate, Benjamin Harrison--grandson of the 9th U.S. president, William Henry Harrison. This ribbon exhibits slogans and symbols (a log cabin and barrel of cider) popular during his grandfather's successful 1840 race.
William Howard Taft Campaign Pin, 1908
Lapel pin
This lapel pin depicts a "teddy bear"--a reference to President "Teddy" Roosevelt that most Americans recognized--embracing an image of William Howard Taft, the Republican presidential candidate in 1908. With Roosevelt still well-liked by many Americans but not running for reelection, voters wondered who he would support. Roosevelt chose Taft, and this pin reinforced Taft's connection to the popular president.
William McKinley Campaign Stickpin, 1896
Stickpin
Not all political jewelry was worn on the lapel. Stickpins kept ties and cravats in place. They also added a bit of flash to a man's wardrobe and disclosed the wearer's political ideology and presidential preference.
Kennedy PT-109 Tie Clasp, 1960
Tie clasp
John F. Kennedy commanded the torpedo boat PT-109 in World War II. A Japanese destroyer rammed and sunk the vessel in 1943. Kennedy and the surviving crew swam to a deserted island before being rescued by the U.S. Navy. Campaign items depicting the PT-109 became a symbol of Kennedy's courage and perseverance. The 1960 Democratic presidential candidate and future president handed out tie clasps like this one to close friends and staff members.
Romney Tie Pin, 2012
Lapel pin
This tie pin, with its stylized "R" in patriotic red, white, and blue colors, appealed to Republican voters in 2012. The three R's stood for the Republican Party and the alliterative last names of the party's presidential ticket (Romney/Ryan).
Roosevelt and Fairbanks Watch Fob, 1904
Watch fob (Object)
A decorative watch fob, dangling from a leather strap or metal chain, gave easy access to a person's pocket watch. It also became a way to express political preferences during election years. The names of the 1904 Republican Party presidential candidate Theodore Roosevelt and his running mate Charles Fairbanks are stamped into this simple metal fob.
Cleveland-Thurman Campaign Charm, 1888
Charm
Voters could attach small charms to watch chains or bracelets to show support for their candidate. This charm contains images of the 1888 Democratic Party candidate Grover Cleveland and his running mate Allen Thurman.
Dwight "Ike" Eisenhower Earring, 1952-1956
Earring (Jewelry)
Voters also donned earrings, bracelets, and necklaces--jewelry worn on the body rather than attached to clothing--to proclaim their political preferences. In the 1950s, "Ike" earrings let others know that the wearer liked the Republican presidential candidate Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower.
G.O.P. Lapel Pin, 1940
Lapel pin
Some voters sported jewelry that incorporated a party's animal symbol and not the name of the party's presidential candidate. These figures became a quick way to show a person's party affiliation--no matter who ran. Democrats used a donkey, and Republicans--members of the Grand Old Party (GOP)--used an elephant. This elephant head pin made for the 1940 election signified the wearer supported the Republican Party candidate, Wendell Willkie.
Equal Rights Amendment Bracelet, circa 1972
Bracelet (Jewelry)
Other enthusiastic partisans wore jewelry to show their support for specific issues rather than a political party. The person who wore this bracelet favored the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment to guarantee equal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex. Congress finally sent the amendment, first proposed soon after women won the right to vote in 1920, to the states for ratification in the 1970s.