Exceptional Engines

1905 Franklin Runabout

Automobile

The Franklin Automobile Company of Syracuse, New York, manufactured luxury cars from 1902 until 1934. Franklins were inventive machines. This 1905 runabout is distinguished by its air-cooled engine, which eliminated the need for a radiator. The engine is mounted transversely under the hood so that each of the four cylinders is cooled equally as the car travels.

1916 Woods Dual-Power Hybrid Coupe

Automobile

In 1916, gasoline was cheap, and no one cared about tailpipe emissions. But this hybrid wasn't about fuel prices or pollution. Woods Motor Vehicle Company built it to capture new customers. Sales of the company's electric cars were falling as more people chose gasoline-burning cars. The Dual-Power supposedly combined the best of both, but customers disagreed. The car and the company disappeared in 1918.

1923 Chevrolet Coupe

Automobile

Chevrolet introduced an air-cooled engine in its 1923 model. The design placed copper fins around the four cylinders to draw away heat. Air-cooled engines were lighter and mechanically simpler than water-cooled powerplants. Unfortunately, flaws in Chevy's design led to overheating and poor performance. Chevrolet recalled and destroyed nearly all 759 of its air-cooled cars. This example is a rare survivor.

Ford X-8 Engine, 1920-1925

Automobile engine

This odd looking X-shaped engine has two banks of four cylinders arranged around a central crankshaft. This X-8 layout fascinated Henry Ford and in 1920 he launched a secret project to build such an engine. But the X-8 turned out to be a flawed concept, and Ford finally abandoned the project in 1926.

1936 Lincoln Zephyr Sedan

Automobile

Automobiles, like other everyday objects, underwent streamlining in the 1930s. The 1936 Lincoln Zephyr joined aerodynamic styling with attractiveness. Its flowing teardrop shape suggests motion. Its V-shaped grille slices the air. Headlights blend smoothly into the front fenders. Rear fenders hug the body and fender skirts hide the rear wheels. Even the taillights are streamlined. The Zephyr was a streamlining success.

1963 Chrysler Gas Turbine Sedan

Automobile

Many companies experimented with gas turbine cars after World War II. But only Chrysler actually put them into the public's hands. In 1963, Chrysler lent 50 of these head turners to potential customers to get real-world feedback. Users loved the low maintenance and lack of vibration but complained about sluggish acceleration and poor fuel economy. Rising gasoline prices ultimately killed the turbine dream.

1896 Ford Quadricycle Runabout, First Car Built by Henry Ford

Automobile

The Quadricycle was Henry Ford's first attempt to build a gasoline-powered automobile. It utilized commonly available materials: angle iron for the frame, a leather belt and chain drive for the transmission, and a buggy seat. Ford had to devise his own ignition system. He sold his Quadricycle for $200, then used the money to build his second car.

1901 Ford "Sweepstakes" Race Car

Racing car

This is Henry Ford's first race car. After his first auto company failed, Ford turned to racing to restore his reputation. He raced "Sweepstakes" against Alexander Winton on October 10, 1901, and, to everyone's surprise, the novice Ford beat the established Winton. The victory and resulting publicity encouraged financiers to back Ford's second firm.

1902 Ford "999" Race Car, Built by Henry Ford

Racing car

Henry Ford hired a fearless bicycle racer named Barney Oldfield to drive "999." Although he had never driven a car, Oldfield learned quickly and won his first competition. He went on to become America's first nationally famous racing hero, known for his thrilling exhibition races and the trademark cigar he chewed to protect his teeth in a crash.

1932 Ford V-8 Cabriolet

Automobile

The 1932 Ford automobile combines the attractive facelift of the 1931 Model A with the world's first low-priced, cast-in-one-piece V-8 engine. Powered by Henry Ford's latest personal engineering triumph, his "en block", or one piece, V-8 engine, the 1932 Ford outperformed all other popular competitors. The vehicle's improved proportions and styling reflected Edsel Ford's, Henry's son, genius for design.

1932 Ford V-8 Engine, No. 1

Automobile engine

Henry Ford and Ford Motor Company revolutionized the auto industry once again in 1932 with the introduction of a low-priced V-8 engine. By casting the crankcase and cylinder banks as a single unit, Ford cut manufacturing costs and could offer its V-8 in a car starting under $500. Ford's original V-8 design remained in production, with modifications, until 1953.

"1963 Chrysler Gas Turbine Sedan" Clip from Jay Leno's Garage (www.jaylenosgarage.com), 2011

Film clip

Television host and stand-up comedian Jay Leno is an avid vehicle collector. Housed in Leno's "Big Dog Garage" in Southern California, his collection spans 100 years of automotive history, with antique vehicles, hot rods, muscle cars, steam cars, and electric cars. The collection also has a number of rare cars and over sixty motorcycles, including a turbine motorcycle.

Triple Expansion Steam Engine, 1891

Steam engine (Engine)

Henry Ford's "Kitchen Sink" Engine, 1893

Gas engine

Henry Ford built his first experimental engine using scrap metal for parts. He tested it on the kitchen sink after supper on December 24, 1893. For ignition he ran a wire from the ceiling's light bulb. His wife Clara hand-fed gasoline to the intake valve while Henry spun the flywheel. The engine roared into action, shaking the sink.